Stavba svépomocí, co a jak, kdy a kde a hlavně proč.
Řekněme, že jste se rozhodli svou vysněnou stavbu rodinného domu realizovat svépomocí. Třeba máte hodně kamarádů, kteří jsou šikovní a rádi Vám poskytnou své ruce i čas. Vy sami jste šikovní pracanti a co nemáte ve zkušenostech hravě doženete v chuti postavit svůj domov. Nebo prostě jen nechcete celou svou stavbu předat do rukou neznámé firmy, která Vám sice bude „podávat hlášení“, ale nebude se Vám plně podřizovat.
„Co můžu stavět svépomocí?“
Stavební zákon č.183/2006
§ 160
Provádění staveb
(3) Svépomocí může stavebník sám pro sebe provádět
a) stavby, terénní úpravy, zařízení a udržovací práce uvedené v § 103, s výjimkou § 103 odst. 1 písm. e) bodů 4 až 8,
b) stavby, terénní úpravy, zařízení a udržovací práce uvedené v § 104.
(4) Stavby uvedené v odstavci 3 lze provádět svépomocí, pokud stavebník zajistí stavební dozor, není-li pro takovou činnost sám odborně způsobilý. Jde-li však o stavbu pro bydlení nebo změnu stavby, která je kulturní památkou, je stavebník povinen zajistit odborné vedení provádění stavby stavbyvedoucím.
Důvodů pro stavbu prováděnou svépomocí můžeme nalézt spoustu, legislativa a zákony jsou však jedny. Pro všechny z Vás, kteří jako já holdují odškrtávání bodů ze seznamu „have to do“, jsem připravila výčet potřebných náležitostí pro stavbu, které jako stavebník musíte obstarat.
Stavebník = osoba, která pro sebe žádá vydání stavebního povolení nebo ohlašuje provedení stavby, terénní úpravy nebo zařízení, jakož i její právní nástupce, a dále osoba, která stavbu, terénní úpravu nebo zařízení provádí, pokud nejde o stavebního podnikatele realizujícího stavbu v rámci své podnikatelské činnosti; stavebníkem se rozumí též investor a objednatel stavby.
STAVEBNÍ ZÁKON č.183/2006
Všichni stavebníci musí zajistit následující:
Před stavbou:
- Projektovou dokumentaci (ve stupni pro stavební povolení DSP, nebo pro ohlášení stavby DOP)
- DSP = Dokumentace pro stavební povolení
- DOP = Dokumentace pro ohlášení stavby
- Souhlas sousedů (vlastníky sousedních pozemků – např. podepsanou projektovou dokumentaci – situaci, kterou přidáme do „balíčku“, se kterým žádáme o vydání souhlasu stavebního úřadu)
- Územní souhlas (nejčastěji zajišťováno v rámci žádosti o stavební povolen společně)
- Vyjádření dotčených orgánů – závazná stanoviska, smlouvy s poskytovateli, vyjádření vlastníků infrastruktury (např. krajská hygienická stanice, odbor životního prostředí, ČEZ, SÚS apod. – kompletní výpis orgánů, které se k dokumentaci musí vyjádřit by Vám měl předat stavební úřad)
- Stavební povolení (nebo ohlášení stavby, nebo společné povolení)
Pro stavbu:
- Stavební dozor (nebo odpovědný stavbyvedoucí pro určené stavby)
- Oznámení stavebnímu úřadu o zahájení stavby (termín zahájení, místo stavby, způsob provádění, stavební firmu – případně stavebního podnikatele nebo pro stavbu svépomocí stavební dozor)
- Označit stavbu štítkem „stavba povolena“ (na viditelné místo před stavbu)
- Stavební deník (nebo jednoduchý záznam o stavbě pro určené stavby, pro stavby prováděné stavební firmou vede deník zhotovitel, pro stavby prováděné svépomocí vede deník stavebník)
Po stavbě:
- Kolaudační souhlas (žádost na stejný úřad, který vydal stavební povolení – většinou na základě kontrolní prohlídky stavby) – Pro stavby rodinných domů není potřeba.
Stavby jsou jako živé organismy. Každá si žádá osobitý přístup. Ne nadarmo se říká „co úředník, to požadavek“. Pokud i Vy tápete ve stavebním řízení a legislativě staveb v České republice, nezoufejte. Nejste zdaleka jediní.
Díky neúprosným požadavkům zákonů a množství byrokracie, potřebné už jen k získání stavebního povolení, bylo potřeba trh služeb, poskytovaných stavebními podnikateli, obohatit. Není proto divu, že lze zajistit komplexní služby „inženýringu“ už v rámci předvýrobní přípravy stavby. Projektant, stavební dozor, nebo osoba zabývající se službami ve stavebnictví Vás provede celým procesem stavby. Žádná novinka není ani kombinování služeb od jednotlivých „profesantů“.
Příklady možných variant:
- Zpracování projektu studie, projektu pro stavební povolení i samotné zajištění stavebního povolení – jednou konkrétní projekční kanceláří
- Zpracování položkového rozpočtu a zajištění subdodavatelů na stavbu – jednou stavební společností
- Kontrola projektu, zajištění závazných stanovisek a následně i stavebního povolení, provádění stavebního dozoru a zasmluvnění subdodavatelů na stavbu – jednou stavební společností
- Kompletní zajištění projektu, povolení i realizace
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